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CONVERSATIONS IN A SMOKY ROOM
Preface by the authorIn 1968 I went through a remarkable series of conversations in a little kitchen in a tenement on New York's Lower East Side. I came out of those conversations with Bill Carroll totally changed. He had the gift of completely repainting reality for me.... with just his words and his tremendous spirit. The conversations in this book are not figments of my imagination, and in no way are they literary creations. They all actually took place, coming into being around a very cluttered kitchen table in a sixth floor walk-up on 7th Street, a table at which a lot of ale was consumed and a lot of smokeables smoked... to the point that I almost entitled the book, 'Conversations in a Smokey Room.' The conversations changed my life drastically. They taught me more about my fellow man than had twenty-nine years of direct observation and years of University. They helped me change my life from a constant hell into a relatively happy and exciting existence. They made sense about things where no sense had been apparent. I walked into Carroll's apartment and sat down at his kitchen table a man completely alienated from the rest of his race. A few weekends at that table, and I learned how to rejoin the human race. At the time, I was living in Boston, and going down to New York on weekends to visit Carroll. I recorded the conversations whenever I returned home after a weekend in New York. They were still as clear in my mind as if I had them on tape. Everything Bill said was clear, and it stuck... I could recall his exact words weeks later, partly thanks to my eidetic memory, partly because everything he said made so much sense that you really couldn't forget it. ......................................................... Eventually Bill came to visit me in Boston, and read the manuscript of our conversations, and said something like, 'Well done.' He even annotated a few paragraphs in his own hand. So I do sort of have his stamp of approval on what I wrote. Nevertheless, I did nothing with the manuscript and simply dragged it around the world with me for over three decades, vowing that some day I'd clean it up and try to get it published. Now that moment has come. As I've been re-reading this manuscript and correcting its typos some thirty-three years after it was originally written, I'm rather stunned by the freshness and brilliance of it. That's not bragging on my part, as I was merely the scribe of this work. The brilliance was all Carroll's. He gets any and all credit for anything remarkable and valuable in this book. Bill died very young, at age 33. However, his mind and spirit still burn brightly in these pages, and I'm really glad I captured them for others.... a tribute to a great mind and a great friend. Naturally, I have no idea if my transcriptions of Carroll's philosophy and attitudes can help anyone else the way his conversation helped me. However, they changed my life completely, and for the better --- once and for all. I certainly hope that his wisdom, distilled here, can do the same for others who are not happy with their lives. BSN Frankfurt, Germany April 2002
Part OneWhy Don't People Like Me?"How shall we know the philosopher? We shall know him by his laugh." F. Nietsche He had a habit of not answering his phone, so I really didn't expect him to answer this particular call from the coin box in the IRT station. When he did, I felt embarrassed. I hadn't seen Carroll in a long time. He was a bit of a loner. Perhaps he didn't want company. "Can I drop in and see you before I go back to Boston?" I asked. "Huh? Oh yeah, sure!" "You're sure you don't mind?" "No, of course not," came Bill's voice, and then laughter, ten seconds thereof. And he wasn't laughing at me, I could hear that. He was just laughing. All is right in the world. To get into Bill's place I had to wade through the garbage on the doorstep at the ground floor. New York's Lower East Side! He opened the door on the fifth without hesitation or asking who was there, a unique way of doing it in a city like New York. He looked in good shape, which for Bill Carroll is not always the case. His irregular hours and endless trips often left him looking like a tall, Irish corpse with a smile. This time, he had gained back some weight, and looked healthy, in a white shirt (no tie) and a pair of dress slacks. His kitchen was the usual unbelievable, monumental mess. Books and magazines were piled around on every available surface in total disorder. His bedroom off the kitchen with its mattress on the floor was also a shambles. Part of the ceiling had caved in a few months earlier, and Bill hadn't gotten around to cleaning it up. He seemed to like the plaster on the floor, seemed to enjoy shuffling around in it when he went in to get a book or a record. That room, too, was literally carpeted with printed material from Nietzsche to the Best from Mad. Still, there was cleanliness and order where it counted: clean clothes, a clean sink, and a spotless bathroom. Carroll poured us a mixture of ale and stout. Our glasses were perched precariously on the stacks of newspapers, magazines, and books on the kitchen table. We talked about my vague existence in Boston, about people we knew in common, and then the conversation lagged. For a while I questioned Bill about his work, or lack of it, and his plans. He was in his usual optimistic mood, and so at ease in the world that I envied his assurance, when I compared it with my feeling of loneliness that day in the subway before I called him, and loneliness in general. In fact, I had always envied Bill, not bitterly, but envied him just the same for his control of his environment, and above all for the fact that he was so likeable. I had even asked most of my acquaintances who knew him: "What's his secret? Why does everyone like him?" No-one seemed to know. Or care. I cared immensely about it, because I always seemed to have difficulty getting along with people. It had never occurred to me to ask Carroll himself. But something, probably his happiness that evening, irked me, so I said, a little bitterly, I suppose, "Hey, Bill, what's your secret? Why do people like you, and they don't like me?" He looked at me carefully for quite a while, as if deciding whether he should answer. Then he smiled. He didn't try to placate me by saying "People DO like you, or "There's no difference between us." I think he was staring to find out if I really wanted to hear. And he saw that I did. That I was ready. "Well,' he said, "I suppose I know, more or less." "I mean, what is it that makes people take a dislike to me? What do I say to them which turns them off so fast?" "Don't you know? I thought about it. "Well, I know that I have this somewhat arrogant manner... or so I've been told. But for the life of me, I can't seem to control. it. And I don't grasp why people find me arrogant... why they react so strongly to me. I mean, I know a lot of interesting things. They tell me so. People who like me love to listen to me talk. Why does it put people off, when they don't know me? I talk to my friends, and they like it... I talk the same way to a strangers and they start hating me. Why?" "Simple," said Carroll. "Because they don't understand you." "What do you mean, don't understand me? I talk decent English. I talk slowly. Why don't people understand me? My friends understand me." "Partly. Which is why you consider them your friends. But even friends who know you and who have a great deal of background on you manage to miss about half of what you're saying. And they misinterpret a lot of what you say to them. True?" "Hmmmm. Well, now and then." "More than now and then. Constantly. They can't help it. However much they want to understand you, no matter how hard they try, they can't understand most of what you're saying." "Why not?" "Because of semantics." "What's that got to do with it? I mean, I know that words mean different things to different people. I've read some semantics, here and there, even a bit of Hayakawa, or whatever he's called. A word means different things to each person. But how could that...?" "Don't you see how?" "What do you mean?" "Well, if a word can have, lets say ten meanings for ten different people, how about a sentence of ten words?" "Well, theoretically, I see what you're getting at, theoretically it could have a hundred possible meanings for the ten people .... But that can't be... certainly people understand more than one percent of what they hear?" Carroll burst into laughter at that point and laughed for a long time. He had a kind of equinine whinny, a snorting laugh, which involved heavy inhalation through the nose. It was a unique sound. I'd never heard anyone with laugh remotely like it, and when he laughed he laughed longer than anyone I had ever know. It sometimes made me think of something Nietzsche had said. 'How shall we know the philosopher? We shall know him by his laugh.' "What's so funny?" I asked. After he stopped laughing he said, "I was just thinking about the possibility that you were right, and that only one percent does get through. No, it's possible, but I estimate from what I hear that about twenty-five percent of the meaning gets through in the average sentence." "Oh, come on, Bill. I get more than twenty-five percent of what you say. I understand almost everything you say." "Sure. And there's a double reason for that. First, because I try very carefully to let you understand me ... and secondly, because you are very bright... you grasp much more than the average human....." "I grasp almost everything. I always seem to know what people mean." "Did it every occur to you that this does not necessarily prove that you understand their WORDS?" "Of course I understand their words." "How can you be quite that sure? Maybe you're simply reading their gestures, their voices, their eyes. Or maybe you're reading their minds." I started to object, then thought better of it. "Hmmmm. You know, sometime I do have that feeling, that I am reading their minds. Because people's thoughts all come over so clearly. I always seem to know...." "ESP. It's possible, you know." I thought about that for a long while, and was ready to object, when he added... "But that's not very important. I really think that people like you, who do understand very quickly and well what they hear, have a strong current of ESP. I feel that I do. I think that this is the first manifestation of ESP in mankind, but that ordinarily we do not recognize it because we are listening to the words at the same time and we assume that we are getting the thoughts from the words, and not from the mind of the other person. But words are so confused in meaning that they really can't carry exact images ... and though you understand, most people don't." "What do you mean?" "Well, people who DO understand well, like you, are unable to grasp, usually, that others don't have their knack. They fail to see that most of the people to whom they speak don't understand more than a fourth of what they are saying." "Come on, Bill, they must be getting more than that." "Oh, they think they are, because they get the general drift of your words, especially if you are from their type of background. But since your words trigger in their minds a different set of images than exist in yours, they really get quite a different meaning from the sentence than you intended." "Sure, that's semantics, right?" "But the important thing is this ... Don't you agree that if semantics is right about this, that almost all conversation must be a case of MISUNDERSTANDING?" "Christ! If that's true, then it's a contradiction in terms, almost." Carroll laughed. "That's an understatement." He laughed again." "You mean people really don't understand me when I talk to them?" He nodded and laughed again. "Precisely! " He seemed to find this an immensely amusing joke. "But that's horrible! He kept on laughing. "I mean, here you have all these people thinking that they are communicating, and they aren't. I say one thing, and the man in front of me doesn't ever understand?" "Almost never. And very little. How can he, when your words have different meanings than they assume with him? And by the way, your math was a little shaky a moment ago. The possible number of meanings of a sentence with ten words, each of which have ten possible meanings, is not one hundred, ten time ten, but rather ten billion, ten to the tenth." This thought sent Bill into another paroxysm of happy laughter. "But then why do we keep talking to each other?" "We have to. It's basically a survival tool. And it works. But it works very badly. It worked all right when two hunters shouted to each other phrases like, 'Look out for that lion over there' because they had a common background of experience, and the words had to mean about the same thing in their two minds. So one man dodged and his life was saved and the tribe continued. Speech was a survival mechanism which gave man the edge over other animals ... and the first tribes which developed good speech had greater survival power than those who didn't, and those who didn't died out... But once you get beyond the tribal level, speech begins to get confused. Two men with different tribal backgrounds, or from different stress situations try to communicate, and for each one the words of the sentence have a different meaning, especially when simple objects like lions and cliffs are replace by words like 'honor' and 'courage' which can mean different things even to two brothers." "It's frightening." "Believe it. It scares the hell out of me. To realize that when I string out ten words in a row, there is literally no chance of the man on the receiving end getting an accurate idea of the images in my mind which formed the sentence." "So how do you cope with it?" "The same way everyone else does. First of all, I try to find people who have a set of images in their minds which more or less match the images in my mind when I say a common word." "What do you mean, everyone does that?" Didn't you ever hear people play the game, 'Do you know who? Oh, are you from Chicago? Oh, so you went to Columbia? You're an engineering major? Those are really signs of a desperate attempt of the individual to find someone else to whom he can communicate. He knows instinctively that he will communicate at least a bit better with someone who has lived in the country where he was raised, or who shares his educational background, his spare time interests, or his profession. When he finds someone who does, he looks so relieved and happy." "Sure! But I never realized WHY they did that... I mean, they don't play that game much in Europe... I found that over there it's considered bad manners, more or less, so I hate to hear it here in America." "Well, that's fair enough. In Europe people are more homogeneous .... their education is more rigid and has much more emphasis on language ability so that semantic hurdles have been whittled down a bit by ten years of doing the same homework as everyone you meet.... People from different classes over there get such different education that they just don't even try to communicate except on the simple, polite greeting level, which takes off a lot of the tension. But here in America, for example, we don't even know what class we're in! We're such a hodgepodge of backgrounds that people must really work at finding someone who uses words more or less the way they do. So don't be too hard on people who play do-you-know-who. It's an essential game, to take off some of the tension involved in speech." "I've always refused to play it." Carroll laughed. "And you wonder why people here don't like you?" Then he laughed more, but it didn't hurt my feelings, and soon I found myself laughing with him. "Hmmm," I said. "So, do-you-know-who takes off tension. But why tension?" Carroll answered immediately. "Christ, man. Because everyone knows that he's not getting through, and it scares the hell out of him! "Why is that so scary? I mean, what's the difference?" "Look. Being misunderstood is very scary, for example, if the man across from you has a knife in his hand, and thinks that you've just insulted his wife... Right?" "True... but that doesn't happen very often." "Hmmmm. Maybe not. But it happens enough, just often enough, I think, so that we are aware how dangerous it is to be misunderstood. It really scares us. And, don't forget that man hasn't been out of the caves very long. Maybe three thousand years, compared with the two hundred thousand that he spent in them... living in physical danger most of time. I'm fairly certain that some kind of latent memory of those days is still in the mind of every man, and makes him very nervous when he realize s that he isn't communicating." "Which is most of the time!" I said. "All of the time!" "So man is tense, scared, almost all of the time, because of semantics." "Because of misunderstanding, which is a more common word for the same thing." "Right. I see. And that ties in with what you said about speech being a survival mechanism. Let 's see... obviously, if you understand the man in front of you, there is less chance that he can harm you... Ergo... if you don't understand him, there is a greater chance that he can harm you. Which is why... sure, why man is struggling so hard to understand the other man. To protect himself." "Not bad." "So, where speech was originally a protective device in a tribe, now the problem of UNDERSTANDING the speech of stranger becomes a protective device which might eventually save your life...." "Yep. Understanding others became a survival mechanism. A built-in survival tool. But understanding becomes more and more difficult as languages grow and more strangers meet, and the tension climbs incredibly. And when that happens, people get into a state of constant tension about understanding others ...." "So there's the key to why they don't like me." "A good part of it. Your talk a fancy line of anecdotes, lots of big words about far-away places and abstract ideas. Even people with your vocabulary (and how many of those do you meet?) can hardly share your experience ... they can't grasp what you're saying... it scares the hell of out of them .... so they move out of range... to release the tension... They find someone to talk to whose speech doesn't bewilder them." "You mean that they become afraid of me because of the way I talk." "Of course! What else?! For most people, being in front of someone whom you really don't understand is a very scary thing.... Such people know things that you don't. This can give them power over you. That makes them good people to avoid." "Ouch," I said. "You asked me to tell you...." "Oh... sure... no, really, Carroll, I'm glad I did. Christ, how this opens my eyes. How could I go through life for twenty-nine years not knowing this?" "Probably because of the ESP. You didn't realize how garbled words sound to most people, especially complicated words." "Well, what do I have to do? Give up speech? Does everything I say have to frighten people ? Oh, no, wait a minute... If I can find people who think the way I do...." "That's an impossibility," countered Bill, once again breaking into snorts of laughter. "But you said...." "Sure. You're right. People with a language pattern fairly close to yours can be found, and to them you can communicate without too much tension involved." "Like my friend in Milwaukee...." "Like any friend. That's basically what a friend is, I think. A person who understands your words more or less the way you understand them. Result, he feels comfortable when you talk to him, the communication actually works .... and his interest in your words makes his presence very pleasing to you. And of course, such things usually work both ways, if the patterns in his mind match yours, you have both found someone you can listen to without too much confusion."
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